Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/232461 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 8864
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We investigate the sources, scope, and implications of landowner market power. We show how zoning regulations generate spillovers through increased markups and derive conditions under which restricting landownership concentration reduces rents. Using newbuilding-level data from New York City, we find that a 10% increase in ownership concentration in a Census tract is correlated with a 1% increase in rent. Market power is substantial: on average, markups account for nearly a third of rents in Manhattan. Furthermore, pecuniary spillovers between zoning constraints and markups at other buildings are appreciable. Up-zoning that results in 417 additional housing units at zoning-constrained buildings reduces markups on policy-unconstrained units and generates between 5 and 19 additional units through increased competition.
Subjects: 
monopolistic competition
market power
concentration
rent
housing demand
zoning
JEL: 
R31
R38
L13
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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