Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/235307 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 8937
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
This study is the first scientific attempt to calculate the size of the informal economy in agriculture. The Multiple indicators multiple causes model (MIMIC) was developed for the estimation of levels of informal economy in 15 “Old” European Union Member States’ agricultural sectors for the period of 1996-2019. The obtained results document the prevalence of higher levels of informal economy in agriculture compared to the overall economy. The impact of subsidies and farm organizations on the development of the informal economy are two important factors for these higher values in agriculture. The effects of taxation, share of import and factor income in agriculture onto the levels of the informal economy in agriculture are sizeable, too. Finally, we disaggregate the informal work into subcategories like entrepreneurial and family work.
Subjects: 
informal economy
informal work
agriculture
MIMIC
EU-15 countries
causes for informal work
JEL: 
Q11
Q14
Q19
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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