Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/238610 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
ADBI Working Paper Series No. 1253
Publisher: 
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo
Abstract: 
The top 12 development journals published a total of 18,329 papers during the period 2000.2020. Out of these, just 51 focused on sanitation and related issues, which are the focus of this review. Results were mixed on the efficiency of sanitation delivery since political factors and administrative characteristics vary across locations. Accountability and leadership, especially at the local level, appear to be important driving forces. There is a need for more case studies that analyze what works, and what does not, in specific locations. Also, further studies will have to investigate how to influence the norms, traditions, and beliefs towards favorably supporting household sanitation decisions. Additionally, governments should enhance their social welfare programs to address socioeconomic inequalities (i.e., income, gender, and rural-urban disparities), which also critically affect individual and household sanitation investments. Efforts at national and international levels are needed to encourage research on the various dimensions of sanitation.
Subjects: 
sanitation
sustainable development goals
systematic review
empirical evidence
accountability
health
education
gender
JEL: 
I0
I3
O1
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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