Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/240827 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
Texto para Discussão No. 2633
Publisher: 
Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Brasília
Abstract (Translated): 
Violence against women occurs predominantly in the family and domestic context. The Covid-19 (Sars-COV-2) pandemic led Brazil to recommend and, at times, impose social distance, with a partial closure of economic activities, schools, and restrictions on events and public services. As a result, there was an intensification of the presence of families in their residence. Preliminary evidence shows that intense coexistence increases domestic violence. At the same time, quarantine may have prevented access to public networks and services and deprivation of information and help. We propose an agentbased model (ABM), called VIDA, to illustrate and examine multi-causal factors that influence events that generate violence. The formalization of the effects allows testing the presence or absence of deterrence systems and increasing the intensity of the stay at home. A central part of the model reflects the creation of a multi-causal stress indicator, which functions as the probability of an attack occurring in the family environment. At the same time, a deterrent system based on reporting, requesting protection and accusing the perpetrator was implemented. VIDA was calibrated for the numbers of notifications of violence collected by the Federal Senate in 2011. After a sensitivity analysis, two tests are performed: i) absence or presence of the deterrence system and forced quarantine. VIDA presents orders of magnitude for Areas of concentration and weighting areas for these tests. VIDA indicates that quarantine may have increased violence against women by about 10%. The results of simulations with VIDA suggest that more populated sites have comparatively fewer attacks per hundred thousand women than less populous capitals or rural areas of urban concentrations. The paper's contributions include the formalization of a model of domestic violence through agent-based modeling, which, it seems, does not exist in the literature, which illustrates socioeconomic, demographic, educational, gender and color factors, with detailed data at the intra-urban and for all major Brazilian population agglomerations. In addition, a whole process of generation of an artificial population for the simulation was created and is available, as well as all the model code, with free access, in a public repository, on the internet.
Subjects: 
domestic violence
violence against women
agent-based models pandemics
simulation
metropolitan regions
JEL: 
I3
J7
H31
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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