Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/245415 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 9234
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
In a recent paper Juodis and Reese (2021) (JR) show that the application of the CD test proposed by Pesaran (2004) to residuals from panels with latent factors results in over-rejection and propose a randomized test statistic to correct for over-rejection, and add a screening component to achieve power. This paper considers the same problem but from a different perspective and shows that the standard CD test remains valid if the latent factors are weak, and proposes a simple bias-corrected CD test, labelled CD*, which is shown to be asymptotically normal, irrespective of whether the latent factors are weak or strong. This result is shown to hold for pure latent factor models as well as for panel regressions with latent factors. Small sample properties of the CD* test are investigated by Monte Carlo experiments and are shown to have the correct size and satisfactory power for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian errors. In contrast, it is found that JR's test tends to over-reject in the case of panels with non-Gaussian errors, and have low power against spatial network alternatives. The use of the CD* test is illustrated with two empirical applications from the literature.
Subjects: 
latent factor models
strong and weak factors
error cross-sectional dependence
spatial and network alternatives
JEL: 
C18
C23
C55
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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