Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/246010 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
CREMA Working Paper No. 2021-27
Publisher: 
Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), Zürich
Abstract: 
As artificial intelligence (AI) thrives and propagates through modern life, a key question to ask is how to include humans in future AI? Despite humaninvolvement at every stage of the production process from conception and design through to implementation, modern AI is still often criticized for its "black box" characteristics. Sometimes, we do not know what really goes on inside or how and why certain conclusions are met. Future AI will face many dilemmas and ethical issues unforeseen by their creators beyond those commonly discussed (e.g., trolley problems and variants of it) and to which solutions cannot be hard-coded and are often still up for debate. Given the sensitivity of such social and ethical dilemmas and the implications of these for human society at large, when and if our AI make the "wrong" choice we need to understand how they got there in order to make corrections and prevent recurrences. This is particularly true in situations where human livelihoods are at stake (e.g., health, well-being, finance, law) or when major individual or household decisions are taken. Doing so requires opening up the "black box" of AI; especially as they act, interact, and adapt in a human world and how they interact with other AI in this world. In this article, we argue for the application of cognitive architectures for ethical AI. In particular, for their potential contributions to AI transparency, explainability, and accountability. We need to understand how our AI get to the solutions they do, and we should seek to do this on a deeper level in terms of the machine-equivalents of motivations, attitudes, values, and so on. The path to future AI is long and winding but it could arrive faster than we think. In order to harness the positive potential outcomes of AI for humans and society (and avoid the negatives), we need to understand AI more fully in the first place and we expect this will simultaneously contribute towards greater understanding of their human counterparts also.
Subjects: 
Artificial Intelligence
Ethics
Cognitive Architectures
Intelligent Systems
Ethical AI
Society
Document Type: 
Working Paper

Files in This Item:
File
Size
362.42 kB





Items in EconStor are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.