Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/246764 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
HFI Working Paper No. 10
Publisher: 
Institute of Retail Economics (HFI), Stockholm
Abstract: 
We use the entry of 17 external shopping malls in Sweden to investigate how they have affected the performance of incumbent firms located in the city centres of small cities. We find that entry by external shopping malls decreased labour productivity for incumbent firms in city centres by -5.31%. However, when using time-specific fixed effects to control for common time trends in retailing in small cities, the impact on labour productivity, revenues, and number of employees due to the entry of external shopping malls becomes insignificant. The negative impact on incumbent firms is thus not due to the entry of external shopping malls but rather due to long-term negative economic trends in these cities.
Subjects: 
external shopping malls
city centre
firm performance
agglomeration economies
competition
difference-in-differences
JEL: 
D22
L25
P25
R12
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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