Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/251293 
Year of Publication: 
2021
Series/Report no.: 
Working Papers No. 2021-22
Publisher: 
Banco de México, Ciudad de México
Abstract: 
This paper assesses the effects of trade and technological change on Mexico's labor market between 1994 and 2019. The implications of the exposure of local labor markets to greater trade integration under NAFTA and to greater competition from China in the US market are analyzed, as are the consequences of the exposure of local labor markets to automation. The main results show that trade integration under NAFTA promoted employment in Mexico for all demographic groups, especially for women and the less educated. In addition, it is also found that trade integration reduced unemployment and the non-participation rate. China's competition in the US market had the opposite effects on these indicators. Finally, the analysis by sector (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) suggests that those markets susceptible to automation experienced a pattern of labor polarization.
Subjects: 
Trade Policy
Labor Markets
Technology Adoption
Technology and Employment
JEL: 
F13
F16
O33
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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