Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/272679 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 16052
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
Are individuals living in distinct urban or rural settings more likely to experience barriers to social inclusion? If so, what are the nature of the barriers that they face? Using a unique administrative dataset for Ireland's dominant social inclusion programme, this paper examines the effect of location on the incidence of barriers to social inclusion. We find that some forms of social exclusion, particularly those which are related to economic exclusion, are more prevalent for those in independent urban towns compared to cities, commuter towns or rural areas, even after controlling for area-level deprivation. The results suggest that existing policy, which has traditionally focused on tackling social disadvantage in the most urban or rural areas, is not well targeted and would benefit from having a wider spatial focus.
Subjects: 
social inclusion
urban disadvantage
community economic development
jobless household
lone parents
disability
homelessness
ethnic minority
JEL: 
R10
R58
P25
J15
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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