Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/284178 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
Cardiff Economics Working Papers No. E2023/16
Publisher: 
Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff
Abstract: 
We model how R&D enters the innovation system in four ways (intramural, extramural, cooperative, and spillover). Despite measuring three different spillovers together, for a very large sample of European enterprises we conclude that the productivity effects of spillovers were at best smaller than intramural R&D productivity effects. We also find that building on the greater skills and experience of enterprises already undertaking R&D (intensity) raised labour productivity more than providing support for those beginning R&D (extensity). Optimal extramural R&D intensity was higher than the actual level; sample firms could boost productivity either by abandoning extramural R&D or by doing much more. There were substantial differences in our sample between enterprises and countries in terms of R&D spillovers. Greater multinational corporation incidence in new EU members accounted for these countries' high direct R&D intensity productivity, regardless of their generally low overall labour productivity. Absorptive capacity made little difference to the utilisation of spillovers.
Subjects: 
R&D
innovation
knowledge spillover
JEL: 
L53
L21
H71
H25
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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