Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/174717 
Authors: 
Year of Publication: 
2012
Series/Report no.: 
ECIPE Occasional Paper No. 2/2012
Publisher: 
European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), Brussels
Abstract: 
This paper surveys and discusses the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in the European Union and its compatibility with EU obligations in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). More particularly, it intends to shed light on the evolvement of policies in Europe to protect biofuels producers from foreign competition. While the effectiveness of traditional protective tools of trade policy - tariffs and subsidies - are diminishing, local producers have embraced the introduction of specific sustainability criteria that would have the effect of protecting incumbent market actors while increasing the cost for new foreign market entrants. (...)
Document Type: 
Research Report

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