Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/215193 
Year of Publication: 
2019
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 12797
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
We measure one aspect of how access to emergency care through ambulance services changes for patients when a hospital closes. We empirically estimate the time needed to transport a patient to an emergency department in an ambulance in the period immediately after the hospital closes. We find urban patients in zip codes where a hospital closes have a small change in transportation time, where rural patients average an estimated 15.7 additional minutes – a 46% increase compared to the year before the closure. This increase is primarily the result of an almost 100 percent increase in the time it takes to transport a patient from the location of the incident to the hospital. The impact on rural Medicare-eligible patients is even larger. We find no change in the time it takes ambulances to arrive at an incident and only a small change in the time spent at the scene.
Subjects: 
ambulance
hospital closure
access to care
rural vs urban
JEL: 
I11
I14
I18
R10
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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