Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/215312 
Year of Publication: 
2020
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 12916
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
This paper examines the time spent commuting to/from work by workers in fifteen European countries, during the last three decades, with the aim of analyzing recent trends in commuting and the factors affecting commuting behavior in those countries. Using data from several waves of the European Working Conditions Survey, results show a significant gender gap in commuting time in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the UK, with male workers devoting more time to commuting than their female counterparts. We further explore the factors related to commuting time, documenting a level of heterogeneity in commuting behavior as certain determinants of commuting time differ across countries. By analyzing the evolution of commuting time in Europe in recent decades, and the factors associated with commuting time, our analysis may serve to guide future planning programs.
Subjects: 
commuting time
european working conditions survey
trends
gender
socio-demographic factors
JEL: 
R40
O57
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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