Zusammenfassung (übersetzt):
Precision medicine or personalized medicine refers to the customization of medical treatment based on the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in susceptibility to a particular disease or in response to a specific treatment. This new perception about diagnosis and treatment is growing throughout the world, given the aging of the population and the consequent epidemiological transition, with gain of evidence for chronic-degenerative diseases. The main technologies incorporated by the literature in the concept of precision medicine are genetic tests (diagnosis), biosensors and wearables (monitoring), cellular and gene therapies (treatment), most of which have been recently implemented or are still under development. Individual benefits of precision medicine are clear, but there are still challenges for their collective use, given mainly its costs. This text presents the existing technologies and discusses their effectiveness and efficiency as well as their costs and impacts on the health system. In addition, we also discuss challenges to its development and to how countries such as Brazil could play a role as users or producers of these technologies.