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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2023
Schriftenreihe/Nr.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 16051
Verlag: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Zusammenfassung: 
This paper presents new causal evidence on the "power" of oral contraceptives in shaping women's lives, leveraging the 1970 liberalization of the Pill for minors in the Netherlands and demand- and supply-side religious preferences that affected Pill take-up. We analyze administrative data to demonstrate that, after Pill liberalization, minors from less conservative areas were more likely to delay fertility/marriage and to accumulate human capital in the long run. We then show how these large effects were eliminated for women facing a higher share of gatekeepers – general practitioners and pharmacists – who were opposed to providing the Pill on religious grounds.
Schlagwörter: 
birth control
religion
fertility
marriage
human capital
the Netherlands
JEL: 
I18
J12
J13
Z12
Dokumentart: 
Working Paper

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