Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/274571 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
GLO Discussion Paper No. 1320
Publisher: 
Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen
Abstract: 
The paper examines the impact of a rural roads construction program in India on women's outcomes. While spatial integration can provide women with increased education and employment opportunities, the extent of benefits might be limited by underlying gender norms. We identify the impact of the policy by exploiting the program rule that assigned roads based on the village population. Using a two-way fixed effect methodology, we find that increase in rural roads construction lowers mobility restrictions faced by women and improves norms around domestic violence. However, the result are mixed with respect to participation in other decision making and financial autonomy. Additionally, while we find positive impact on education, there is no impact on employment outcomes for females. We argue that a possible reason for a partial improvement in women outcomes could be gendered impact of the policy - men benefit more in terms of employment than women.
Subjects: 
Gender Norms
India
Roads
Women Empowerment
JEL: 
J16
O12
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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