Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/279942 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
SWP Comment No. 48/2023
Publisher: 
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Berlin
Abstract: 
As high-level European Union (EU) policy documents call for investment in active cyber defence capabilities, the legal and political powers for their use remain ill-defined. To demonstrate their commitment to principles of responsible state behaviour and due diligence, the EU and its member states have a duty to establish the normative foun­dations for the use of active cyber defence measures ahead of their deployment, while carefully managing the risk of a gradual militarisation of the cyber and information domain.
Subjects: 
cyber defence
cyberattacks
cyber power
ransomware
hackback
Due Diligence
Botnets
Defend Forward
US Cyber Command
Paul Nakasone
Hunt Forward Operation (HFO)
EU Cyber Rapid Response Teams
CRRT
EUCDCC
Sovereign Cyber Effects Provided Voluntarily by Allies
SCEPVA
Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)
European Union (EU)
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Document Type: 
Research Report

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