Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/281107 
Year of Publication: 
2023
Series/Report no.: 
Queen’s Economics Department Working Paper No. 1503
Publisher: 
Queen's University, Department of Economics, Kingston (Ontario)
Abstract: 
One of the most effective strategies to mitigate water shortages worldwide is to reuse the treated wastewater for freshwater production employing reverse osmosis (RO) technology. This strategy is appropriate in urban areas of arid or semi-arid regions as it can provide a sustainable and reliable water source close to the consumers. One of the drawbacks of RO is the high variability of production costs due to the electricity intensity. In addition, depending on the electricity source, it can also result in substantial environmental costs. [...]
Subjects: 
circular economy
reused wastewater
reverse osmosis
levelized cost
economic cost
membrane technologies
emission cost
environmental externalities
distributive analysis
energy saving
JEL: 
I38
L95
H43
Q25
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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