Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/295754 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
IZA Discussion Papers No. 16731
Publisher: 
Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn
Abstract: 
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time.
Subjects: 
student achievement
learning loss
COVID-19
PISA
international large-scale assessments
JEL: 
I19
I20
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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