Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/296044 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 10955
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
This paper measures the exposure of industries and occupations to 40 digital technologies that emerged over the past decade and estimates their impact on European employment. Using a novel approach that leverages sentence transformers, we calculate exposure scores based on the semantic similarity between patents and ISCO-08/NACE Rev.2 classifications to construct an open–access database, 'TechXposure'. By combining our data with a shift–share approach, we instrument the regional exposure to emerging digital technologies to estimate their employment impact across European regions. We find an overall positive effect of emerging digital technologies on employment, with a one-standard-deviation increase in regional exposure leading to a 1.069 percentage point increase in the employment-to-population ratio. However, upon examining the individual effects of these technologies, we find that smart agriculture, the internet of things, industrial and mobile robots, digital advertising, mobile payment, electronic messaging, cloud storage, social network technologies, and machine learning negatively impact regional employment.
Subjects: 
occupation exposure
industry exposure
text as data
natural language processing
sentence transformers
emerging digital technologies
automation
employment
JEL: 
C81
O31
O33
O34
J24
O52
R23
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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