Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/296060 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 10971
Publisher: 
Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich
Abstract: 
We investigate how Reconstruction affected Black political participation and socio-economic advancement after the American Civil War. We use the location of federal troops and Freedmen's Bureau offices to indicate more intensive federal enforcement of civil rights. We find greater political empowerment and socio-economic advances by Blacks where Reconstruction was more rigorously enforced and that those effects persisted at least until the early twentieth century, although these advances were weaker in cotton-plantation zones. We suggest a mechanism leading from greater Black political power to higher local property taxes, through to higher levels of Black schooling and greater Black socio-economic achievement.
Subjects: 
reconstruction
institutions
US Civil War
economic development
JEL: 
N31
P10
O10
O51
Document Type: 
Working Paper
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