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Erscheinungsjahr: 
2024
Schriftenreihe/Nr.: 
CESifo Working Paper No. 11119
Verlag: 
CESifo GmbH, Munich
Zusammenfassung: 
The leading strategy for analyzing unstructured data uses two steps. First, latent variables of economic interest are estimated with an upstream information retrieval model. Second, the estimates are treated as "data" in a downstream econometric model. We establish theoretical arguments for why this two-step strategy leads to biased inference in empirically plausible settings. More constructively, we propose a one-step strategy for valid inference that uses the upstream and downstream models jointly. The one-step strategy (i) substantially reduces bias in simulations; (ii) has quantitatively important effects in a leading application using CEO time-use data; and (iii) can be readily adapted by applied researchers.
Schlagwörter: 
unstructured data
information retrieval
topic modeling
Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
measurement error
JEL: 
C11
C51
C55
Dokumentart: 
Working Paper
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