Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/300201 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Working Paper No. 14.2024
Publisher: 
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano
Abstract: 
This study investigates the relationship between distinct types of inequality and CO2 emissions using panel data on 156 countries from 1995 to 2020. Using fixed effects panel and quantile regression techniques, we report estimates that indicate that pre-distribution (inequality reduction by structural changes and social protection) is better aligned with the goal of carbon emission reduction than redistribution (inequality reduction by transfers). However, those countries who contribute the least to global warming face the highest environmental degrading effect of pre-distribution. In contrast, pre-distribution decreases or does not affect the carbon emissions of the biggest global polluters. Redistribution, on the other hand, exhibits the reverse pattern. Moreover, we differentiate in this analysis between production-based and consumption-based emissions, finding on average higher challenges regarding joint inequality and emission reduction in countries that produce carbon intensive commodities. These findings call for international cooperation, structural changes and social protection policies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals of joint inequality and carbon emission reduction.
Subjects: 
Inequality
Redistribution
Emissions
Climate Change
Social Protection
JEL: 
C33
D63
H23
Q54
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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