Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/301954 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
ADBI Working Paper No. 1449
Publisher: 
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo
Abstract: 
When parents migrate from home to another place and leave their children behind, it can have a large influence on their children. This study explores the relationship between parental migration and the learning outcomes of left-behind children aged 7-14 in Pacific Island economies, particularly Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa, and Tonga, by using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 6. Using propensity score matching, we observe no significant effects in Fiji, Kiribati, and Tonga. However, our findings indicate that in Samoa, children whose parents are absent from home make significant improvements in their reading skill, despite struggling in mathematics. In addition, living in an extended family could benefit Samoan children when a parent is away. We also find that the effects in Samoa are isolated among girls.
Subjects: 
Pacific Island countries
left-behind children
foundational skills
JEL: 
I25
I30
F22
Persistent Identifier of the first edition: 
Creative Commons License: 
cc-by-nc-nd Logo
Document Type: 
Working Paper

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