Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/303473 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Russia Monitor No. 3
Publisher: 
The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Vienna
Abstract: 
This report focuses on Russia's adaptation in its commodity exports during 2023, amidst ongoing international sanctions. It examines the shifts in export and maritime shipping patterns, emphasizing coal, crude oil, and liquefied natural gas, and their redirection towards alternative, non-sanctioning markets. The analysis details Russia's efforts to maintain its commodity exports by leveraging new maritime routes and - possibly - spoofing Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals to avoid detection of ship-to-ship transfers of oil.
Subjects: 
commodity exports
maritime shipping
ship-to-ship oil transfers
JEL: 
F14
F51
Q4
Document Type: 
Research Report

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