Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/303474 
Year of Publication: 
2024
Series/Report no.: 
Russia Monitor No. 4
Publisher: 
The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Vienna
Abstract: 
Nearly two years after the start of the war in Ukraine, the report gives an overview of the current state of the Russian economy, with a focus on the fiscal situation, external balances, and the effects of Western sanctions on Russia's trade with the EU and selected third countries. Increased scrutiny of companies from third countries violating the energy sanctions led to a renewed widening of the price discount on Russian oil during the last few months of 2023. However, despite this and heavy military spending, last year's fiscal deficit was kept under control and primarily covered from the sovereign National Welfare Fund. EU exports to Russia of sanctioned economically critical (EC) goods and common high-priority (CHP) items have virtually stalled, indicating that the sanctions are effectively preventing direct exports. However, third countries, notably China, Hong Kong, Türkiye and the CIS countries, have increased their market shares and become Russia's most important suppliers of missing EC goods and CHP items. Our findings suggest a particularly high likelihood of sanctions evasion via such CIS countries as Armenia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and to a lesser extent via Türkiye and China.
Subjects: 
sovereign fund
energy sanctions
economically critically goods
common high priority items
trade sanctions
sanctions evasion
JEL: 
F14
F51
H6
Document Type: 
Research Report

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